法律英语词汇大全

一、 律师部分
案件受理费 court acceptance fee
案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case
案由 cause of action
案子 case
包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits
被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)
被上诉人 appellee
被诉人 respondent; defendant
本案律师 councel pro hac vice
本地律师 local counsel
毕业证 diploma; graduation certificate
辩护词 defense; pleadings
辩护律师 defense lawyer
辩护要点 point of defense
辩护意见 submission
财产租赁 property tenancy
裁定书 order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）
裁决书 award（用于仲裁）
裁决书 verdict（用于陪审团）
采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence
草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests
查阅法条 source legal provisions
产权转让 conveyancing
出差 go on errand; go on a business trip
出国深造 further study abroad
出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion
出示的证据 exhibit
出庭 appear in court
传票 summons; subpoena
答辩状 answer; reply
代理词 representation
代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate
代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记 agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations
代理仲裁 agency for arbitration
代写文书 drafting of legal instruments
待决案件 pending case
当事人陈述 statement of the parties
第三人 third party
吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license
调查笔录 investigative record
调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence
调解 mediation
调解书 mediation
二审案件 case of trial of second instance
发送电子邮件 send e-mail
法律顾问 legal consultants
法律意见书 legal opinions
法律援助 legal aid
法律咨询 legal counseling
法庭 division; tribunal
法学博士学位 LL.D (Doctor of Laws)
法学会 law society
法学课程 legal courses
法学硕士学位 LL.M (Master of Laws)
法学系 faculty of law; department of law
法学学士学位 LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)
J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)
法学院 law school
法院公告 court announcement
反诉状 counterclaim
房地产律师 real estate lawyer; real property lawyer
非合伙律师 associate lawyer
非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice
高级合伙人 senior partner
高级律师 senior lawyer
各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts
公安局 Public Security Bureau
公司上市 company listing
公诉案件 public-prosecuting case
公证书 notarial certificate
国办律师事务所 state-run law office
国际贸易 international trade
国际诉讼 international litigation
国内诉讼 domestic litigation
合伙律师 partner lawyer
合伙制律师事务所 law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice
合同审查、草拟、修改 contract review, drafting and revision
会见当事人 interview a client
会见犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect
兼职律师 part-time lawyer
监狱 prison; jail
鉴定结论 expert conclusion
缴纳会费 membership dues
举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi
决定书 decision
勘验笔录 record of request
看守所 detention house
抗诉书 protest
控告人 accuser; complainant
跨国诉讼 transnational litigation
劳动争议 labor disputes
劳动争议仲裁委员会 arbitration committee for labor disputes
劳改场 reform-through-labor farm; prison farm
利害关系人 interested party; party in interest
律管处处长 director of lawyer control department
律师 lawyer attorney; attorney at law
律师惩戒 lawyer discipline
律师法 Lawyer Law
律师费 lawyer fee
律师函 lawyer’s letter
律师见证 lawyer attestation/authentication
律师见证书 lawyer certification/authentication/witness
律师卷宗 lawyer’s docile; file
律师刊物 lawyer’s journal
律师联系电话 contact phone number of a lawyer
律师事务所 law office; law firm
律师收费 billing by lawyer
律师网站 lawyer website
律师协会 National Bar (Lawyer) Association
律师协会会员 member of Lawyer Association
律师协会秘书长 secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association
律师协会章程 Articles of Lawyer Assocition
律师业务室 lawyer’s office
律师执业证 lawyer license
律师助理 assistant lawyer
律师资格考试 bar exam; lawyer qualification exam
律师资格证 lawyer qualification certificate
民事案件 civil case
民事调解 civil mediation
民事诉讼 civil litigation
派出所 local police station; police substation
判决 judgement(用于民事、行政案件);
determination(用于终审);
sentence(用于刑事案);
verdict(由陪审团作出)
旁证 circumstantial evidence
企业章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw
企业重组 corporate restructure
起诉状 information; indictment
取消律师资格 disbar
全国律师代表大会 National Lawyer Congress
缺席宣判 pronounce judgement or determination by default
人民法院 People’s Court
人民检察院 People’s Procuratorate
认定事实 determine facts
上诉案件 case of trial of second instance; appellate case
上诉人 appellant
上诉状 petition for appeal
涉外律师 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters
申请复议 administrative reconsideration petition
申请加入律师协会 application for admission to Law Association
申请人 petitioner; claimant
申诉案件 appeal case
申诉人（仲裁） claimant; plaintiff
申诉书 appeal for revision, petition for revision
实习律师 apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period
实习律师证 certificate of apprentice lawyer
视听证据 audio-visual reference material
适用法律 apply law to facts
受害人 victim
书证 documentary evidence
司法部 Ministry of Justice
司法建议书 judicial advise
司法局 Judicial Bureau
司法局副局长 deputy director of Judicial Bureau
司法局局长 director of Judicial Bureau
司法统一考试 uniform judicial exam
送达 service of process
诉讼 litigation; action; lawsuit
诉讼当事人 litigation party; litigious party
诉讼业务 litigation practice
诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim
推销法律服务 promote/market legal service
外国律师事务所 foreign law office
委托代理合同 authorized representation contract
委托代理人 agent ad litem; entrusted agent
委托授权书 power of attorney
物证 material evidence
嫌疑人 criminal suspect
项目融资 project financing
项目谈判 project negotiating
刑事案件 criminal case
刑事诉讼 criminal litigation
行政诉讼 administrative litigation
休庭 adjourn the court; recess
宣判 pronounce judgement; determination
宣誓书 affidavit
业务进修 attendance in advanced studies
一审案件 case of trial of first instance
与国外律师事务所交流 communicate with foreign law firms
原告 plaintiff
证券律师 securities lawyer
证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit
执行笔录 execution record
执业登记 registration for practice
执业范围 scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area
执业申请 practice application
执业证年检 annual inspection of lawyer license
仲裁 arbitration
仲裁案件 arbitration case
仲裁机构 arbitration agency
专门律师 specialized lawyer
专职律师 professional lawyer; full-time lawyer
撰写法律文章 write legal thesis
资信调查 credit standing investigation
自诉案件 private prosecuting case

二、 诉讼法律
案件 case
案件发回 remand/rimit a case (to a low court)
案件名称 title of a case
案卷材料 materials in the case
案情陈述书 statement of case
案外人 person other than involved in the case
案值 total value involved in the case
败诉方 losing party
办案人员 personnel handling a case
保全措施申请书 application for protective measures
报案 report a case (to security authorities)
被告 defendant; the accused
被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused
被告向原告第二次答辩 rejoinder
被害人 victim
被害人的诉讼代理人 victim’s agent ad litem
被上诉人 respondent; the appellee
被申请人 respondent
被申请执行人 party against whom execution is filed
被执行人 person subject to enforcement
本诉 principal action
必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation
变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord
辩护 defense
辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer
辩护人 defender
辩护证据 exculpatory evidence; defense evidence
辩论阶段 stage of court debate
驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim
驳回请求 deny/dismiss a motion
驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling
驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit
驳回通知书 notice of dismissal
驳回自诉 dismiss/reject a private prosecution
驳回自诉裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case
补充答辩 supplementary answer
补充判决 supplementary judgement
补充侦查 supplementary investigation
不公开审理 trial in camera
不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing
不批准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest
不起诉 nol pros
不予受理起诉通知书 notice of dismissal of accusation by the court
财产保全申请书 application for attachment; application for property preservation
裁定 order; determination (指最终裁定)
裁定管辖 jurisdiction by order
裁定书 order; ruling
裁决书 award
采信的证据 admitted evidence
查封 seal up
撤回上诉 withdraw appeal
撤诉 withdraw a lawsuit
撤销立案 revoke a case placed on file
撤销原判，发回重审 rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial
出示的证据 exhibit
除权判决 invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)
传唤 summon; call
传闻证据 hearsay
答辩 answer; reply
答辩陈述书 statement of defence
答辩状 answer; reply
***官 associate justices; justice
大检察官 deputy chief procurator
代理控告 agency for accusation
代理申诉 agency for appeal
代理审判员 acting judge
代为申请取保候审 agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving
弹劾式诉讼 accusatory procedure
当事人陈述 statement of the parties
当庭宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court
地区管辖 territorial jurisdiction
地区检察分院 inter-mediate People’s Procuratorate
第三人 third party
调查笔录 record of investigation
定期宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date
定罪证据 incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence
冻结 freeze
督促程序 procedure of supervision and urge
独任庭 sole-judge bench
独任仲裁员 sole arbitrator
对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施 compulsory measures against impairment of civil action
对席判决 judgement inter parties
二审 trial of second instance
二审案件 case of trial of second insurance
罚款 impose a fine
法定证据 statutory legal evidence
法定证据制度 system of legal evidence
法官 judges
法警 bailiff; court police
法律文书 legal instruments/papers
法律援助 legal aid
法律咨询 legal consulting
法庭辩论 court debate
法庭调查 court investigation
法庭审理笔录 court record
法庭审理方式 mode of court trial
法庭庭长 chief judge of a tribunal
法院 court
法院公告 court announcement
反诉 counterclaim
反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim
反诉状 counterclaim
犯罪嫌疑人 criminal suspect
附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action
附带民事诉讼被告 defendant of collateral civil action
复查 reexamination; recheck
复验 reinspect
高级法官 senior judge
高级检察官 senior procurator
高级人民法院 Higher People’s Court
告诉案件 case of complaint
告诉才处理的案件 case accepted at complaint
告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division
工读学校 work-study school for delinquent children
公安部 Ministry of Public Security
公安分局 public security sub-bureau
公安厅 public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government
公开审理 trial in public
公开审判制度 open trial system
公示催告程序 procedure of public summons for exhortation
公诉案件 public-prosecuting case
公诉词 statement of public prosecution
公证机关 public notary office
共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction
管辖 jurisdiction
国际司法协助 international judicial assistance
海事法院 maritime court
合议庭 collegial panel
合议庭评议笔录 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench
和解 composition; compromise
核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties
恢复执行 resumption of execution
回避 withdrawal
混合式诉讼 mixed action
基层人民法院 basic People’s Court
羁押期限 term in custody
级别管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels
监视居住 living at home under surveillance
监狱 prison
检察官 procurator
检察权 prosecutorial power
检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee
检察院 procuratorate
检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate
简易程序 summary procedure
鉴定结论 expert conclusion
经济审判庭 economic tribunal
径行判决 direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice
纠问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings
拘传 summon by force; summon by warrant
拘留所 detention house
举报 information/report of an offence
举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi
决定书 decision
军事法院 military procuratorate
开庭审理 open a court session
开庭通知 notice of court session
勘验笔录 record of inquest
看守所 detention house
可执行财产 executable property
控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings
控诉证据 incriminating evidence
控诉职能 accusation function
扣押 distrain on; attachment
扣押物 distress/distraint
宽限期 period of grace
劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration
劳改场 reform-through-labor farm
劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office
类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence
累积证据 cumulative evidence
立案报告 place a case on file
立案管辖 functional jurisdiction
立案决定书 written decision of case-filing
立案侦查 report of placing a case on file
利害关系人 interested party
临时裁决书 interim award
律师见证书 lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication
律师事务所 law office; law firm
律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer
免于刑事处分 exemption from criminal penalty
民事案件 civil case
民事审判庭 civil tribunal
民事诉讼 civil action
民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law
扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police
派出法庭 detached tribunal
派出所 police station
判决 judgement; determination
判决书 judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)
旁证 circumstantial evidence
陪审员 juror
批准逮捕 approval of arrest
破案 clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case
破产 bankruptcy; insolvency
普通程序 general/ordinary procedure
普通管辖 general jurisdiction
企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation
起诉 filing of a lawsuit
起诉 sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings
起诉状 indictment; information
区县检察院 grassroots People’s Procuratorate
取保候审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving
缺席判决 default judgement
人民调解委员会 People’s Mediation Committee
认定财产无主案件 cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless
认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity
上诉 appeal
上诉人 appellant
上诉状 petition for appeal
少管所 juvenile prison
社会治安综合治理 comprehensive treatment of social security
涉外案件 cases involving foreign interests
涉外民事诉讼 foreign civil proceedings
涉外刑事诉讼 foreign criminal proceedings
申请人 applicant; petitioner
申请书 petition; application for arbitration
申请执行人 execution applicant
申诉人宣誓书 claimant’s affidavit of authenticity
申诉书 appeal for revision; petition for revision
神示证据制度 system of divinity evidence
神示制度 ordeal system
审查案件 case review
审查并决定逮捕 examine and decide arrest
审查起诉阶段 stage of review and prosecution
审理通知书 notice of hearing
审判长 presiding judge
审判长宣布开庭 presiding judge announce court in session
审判管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction
审判监督程序 procedure for trial supervision
审判委员会 judicial committee
审判员 judge
审问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings
生效判决裁定 legally effective judgement/order
胜诉方 winning party
省市自治区检察院 higher People’s Procuratorate
失踪和死亡宣告 declaration of disappearance and death
实（质）体证据 substantial evidence
实物证据 tangible evidence
实在证据 real evidence
示意证据 demonstrative evidence
视听证据 audio-visual evidence
收容所 collecting post; safe retreat
首席***官 chief justice
首席检察官 chief procurator
受害人的近亲属 victim’s immediate family
受理 acceptance
受理刑事案件审批表 registration form of acceptance of criminal case
受送达人 the addressee
***员 court clerk
***员宣读法庭纪律 court clerk reads court rules
书证 documentary evidence
司法部 Ministry of Justice
司法机关 judicial organizatons
司法警察 judicial police
司法局 judicial bureau
司法厅 judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government
司法协助 judicial assistance
死缓的复核 judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve
死刑复核程序 procedure for judicial review of death sentence
死刑复核权 competence for judicial review of death sentence
送达 service of process
送达传票 service of summons/subpoena
送达诉状 service of bill of complaint
搜查 search
诉 sue; suit; action; lawsuit
诉前财产保全 property attachment prior to lawsuit
诉讼 litigation; lawsuit; sue; action
诉讼保全 attachment
诉讼参加人 litigious participants
诉讼代理人 agent ad litem
诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim
特别程序 special procedures
提起公诉 institute a public prosecution
铁路法院 railway court
铁路检察院 railroad transport procuratorate
庭审程序 procedure of court trial
通缉 wanted for arrest
投案 appearance
退回补充侦查 return of a case for supplementary investigation
委托辩护 entrusted defense
未成年人法庭 juvenile court
无行政职务的法官 associate judge
无正当理由拒不到庭 refuse to appear in court without due cause
无罪判决 acquittal, finding of “ not guilty ”
物证 material evidence
先予执行申请书 application for advanced execution
先予执行 advanced execution
刑事案件 criminal case
刑事拘留 criminal detention
刑事强制拘留 criminal coercive/compulsory measures
刑事审判庭 criminal tribunal
刑事诉讼 criminal proceedings
刑事诉讼法 Criminal Procedural Law
刑事自诉状 self-incriminating criminal complaint
行政案件 administrative case
行政审判庭 administrative tribunal
行政诉讼 administrative proceedings
行政诉讼法 Administrative Procedural Law
宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件 cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death
宣判笔录 record of rendition of judgement
选民资格案件 cases concerning qualifications of voters
询问证人 inquire/question a witness
训诫 reprimand
讯问笔录 record of interrogation
询问犯罪嫌疑人 interrogate criminal suspect
言词证据 verbal evidence
要求传唤证人申请书 application for subpoena
一裁终局 arbitration award shall be final and binding
一审 trial of first instance
一审案件 case of trial of first instance
应诉通知书 notice of respondence to action
有罪判决 sentence; finding of “guilty”
予审 preliminary examinantion; pretrial
原告 plaintiff
院长 court president
阅卷笔录 record of file review (by lawyers)
再审案件 case of retrial
再审申请书 petition for retrial
责令具结悔过 order to sign a statement of repentance
债权人会议 creditors’ meeting
侦查阶段 investigation stage
侦查终结 conclusion of investigation
征询原、被告最后意见 consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant
证据 evidence
证据保全 preserve evidence
证据保全申请书 application for evidence preservation
证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit
支付令 payment order/warrant
知识产权庭 intellectual property tribunal
执行程序 procedure execution
执行逮捕 execution of arrest
执行和解 conciliation of execution
执行回转 recovery of execution
执行庭 executive tribunal
执行异议 objection to execution
执行员 executor
执行中止 discontinuance of execution
执行终结 conclusion of execution
指定辩护 appointed defense
指定仲裁员声明 statement of appointing arbitrator
中级人民法院 intermediate People’s Court
中途退庭 retreat during court session without permission
仲裁 arbitration
仲裁被诉人 respondent; defendant
仲裁裁决 award
仲裁申请书 arbitration
仲裁申诉人 claimant; plaintiff
仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal
仲裁委员会 arbitration committee
仲裁协议 arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration
仲裁员 arbitrator
主诉检察官 principal procurator
助理检察官 assistant procurator
助理审判员 assistant judge
专门法院 special court
专门管辖 specific jurisdiction
专属管辖 exclusive jurisdiction
追究刑事责任 investigate for criminal responsibility
自首 confession to justice
自诉案件 private-prosecuting case
自行辩护 self-defense
自由心证制度 doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence
自侦案件 self-investigating case
最高人民法院 the Supreme People’s Court
最高人民检察院 the Supreme People’s Procuratorate
最后裁决书 final award

三、 民事法律
法律渊源 source of law
制定法 statute
判例法 case law; precedent
普通法 common law
特别法 special law
固有法 native law; indigenous law
继受法 adopted law
实体法 substantial law
程序法 procedural law
原则法 fundamental law
例外法 exception law
司法解释 judicial interpretation
习惯法 customary law
公序良俗 public order and moral
自然法 natural law
罗马法 Roman Law
私法 private law
公法 public law
市民法 jus civile
万民法 jus gentium
民法法系 civil law system
英美法系 system of Anglo-American law
大陆法系 civil law system
普通法 common law
大陆法 continental law
罗马法系 Roman law system
英吉利法 English law
衡平法 equity; law of equity
日尔曼法 Germantic law
教会法 ecclesiastical law
寺院法 canon law
伊斯兰法 Islamic law
民法法律规范 norm of civil law
授权规范 authorization norm
禁止规范 forbidding norm
义务性规范 obligatory norm
命令性规范 commanding norm
民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law
平等原则 principle of equality
自愿原则 principle of free will
公平原则 principle of justice
等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange
诚实信用原则 principle of good faith
行为 act
作为 act
不作为 omission
合法行为 lawful act
违法行为 unlawful act
民事权利权利能力 civil right
绝对权 absolute right
相对权 relative right
优先权 right of priority
先买权 preemption
原权 antecedent right
救济权 right of relief
支配权 right of dominion
请求权 right of claim
物上请求权 right of claim for real thing
形成权 right of formation
撤销权 right of claiming cancellation
否认权 right of claiming cancellation
解除权 right of renouncement
代位权 subrogated right
选择权 right of choice
承认权 right of admission
终止权 right of termination
抗辩权 right of defense
一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense
永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right
不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right
同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance
既得权 tested right
期待权 expectant right
专属权 exclusive right
非专属权 non-exclusive right
人身权利 personal right
*** human right
人格权 right of personality
生命健康权 right of life and health
姓名权 right of name
名称权 right of name
肖像权 right of portraiture
自由权 right of freedom
名誉权 right reputation
隐私权 right of privacy
私生活秘密权 right of privacy
贞操权 virginity right
身份权 right of status
亲权 parental power; parental right
亲属权 right of relative
探视权 visitation right
配偶权 right of spouse
荣誉权 right of honor
权利的保护 protection of right
公力救济 public protection
私力救济 self-protection
权利本位 standard of right
社会本位 standard of society
无责任行为 irresponsible right
正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence
防卫行为 act of defence
自为行为 self-conducting act
紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity
自助行为 act of self-help
不可抗力 force majeure
意外事件 accident
行为能力 capacity for act
意思能力 capacity of will
民事行为 civil act
意思表示 declaration of intention
意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus
完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act
限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act
准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person
保佐 protection
自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity
无行为能力 incapacity for act
禁治产人 interdicted person
自然人 natural person
公民 citizen
住所 domicile
居所 residence
经常居住地 frequently dwelling place
户籍 census register
监护 guardianship
个体工商户 individual business
农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household
合伙 partnership
合伙人 partner
合伙协议 partnership agreement
合伙财产 property of partnership
合伙债务 debt of partnership
入伙 join partnership
退伙 withdrawal from partnership
合伙企业 partnership business establishment
个人合伙 partnership
法人合伙 partnership of legal person
特别合伙 special partnership
普通合伙 general partnership
有限合伙 limited partnership
民事合伙 civil partnership
隐名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership
私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship
法人 legal person
企业法人 legal body of enterprise
企业集团 group of enterprise
关联企业 affiliate enterprise
个人独资企业 individual business establishment
国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterprise
中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise
中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise
社团法人 legal body of mass organization
财团法人 legal body of financial group
联营 joint venture
法人型联营 association of legal persons
合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership
协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management
合作社 cooperative
民事法律行为 civil legal act
单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act
双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act
多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act
有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration
无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award
实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act
诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act
要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act
不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act
要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act
不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act
主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act
从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act
附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legal act
附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term
生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death
死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death
准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act
无效行为 ineffective act
可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act
违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act
侵权行为 tort
欺诈 fraud
胁迫 duress
乘人之危 taking advantage of others’ precarious position
以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention
恶意串通 malicious collaboration
重大误解 gross misunderstanding
显失公平 obvious unjust
误传 misrepresentation
代理 agency
本人 principal
被代理人 principal
受托人 trustee
代理人 agent
本代理人 original agent
法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent
委托代理人 agent by mandate
指定代理人 designated agent
复代理人 subagent
再代理人 subagent
转代理人 subagent
代理权 right of agency
授权行为 act of authorization
授权委托书 power of attorney
代理行为 act of agency
委托代理 agency by mandate
本代理 original agency
复代理 subagency
次代理 subagency
有权代理 authorized agency
表见代理 agency by estoppel; apparent agency
律师代理 agency by lawyer
普通代理 general agency
全权代理 general agency
全权代理委托书 general power of attorney
共同代理 joint agency
独家代理 sole agency
居间 brokerage
居间人 broker
行纪 commission; broker house
信托 trust
时效 time limit; prescription; limitation
时效中止 suspension of prescription/limitation
时效中断 interruption of limitation/prescription
时效延长 extension of limitation
取得时效 acquisitive prescription
时效终止 lapse of time; termination of prescription
期日 date
期间 term
涉外民事关系 civil relations with foreign elements
冲突规范 rule of conflict
准据法 applicable law; governing law
反致 renvoi; remission
转致 transmission
识别 identification
公共秩序保留 reserve of public order
法律规避 evasion of law
国籍 nationality
国有化 nationalization
法律责任 legal liability
民事责任 civil liability/responsibility
行政责任 administrative liability/responsibility
刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility
违约责任 liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default
有限责任 limited liability
无限责任 unlimited liability
按份责任 shared/several liability
连带责任 joint and several liability
过失责任 liability for negligence; negligent liability
过错责任 fault liability; liability for fault

单独过错 sole fault
共同过错 joint fault
混合过错 mixed fault
被害人过错 victim’s fault
第三人过错 third party’s fault
推定过错 presumptive fault
恶意 bad faith; malice
故意 deliberate intention; intention; willfulness
过失 negligence
重大过失 gross negligence
疏忽大意的过失 careless and inadvertent negligence
过于自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption
损害事实 facts of damage
有形损失 tangible damage/loss
无形损失 intangible damage/loss
财产损失 property damage/loss
人身损失 personal damage/loss
精神损失 spiritual damage/loss
民事责任承担方式 methods of bearing civil liability
停止侵害 cease the infringing act
排除妨碍 exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle
消除危险 elimination of danger
返还财产 restitution of property
恢复原状 restitution; restitution of original state
赔偿损失 compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss
支付违约金 payment of liquidated damage
消除影响 eliminate ill effects
恢复名誉 rehabilitate one’s reputation
赔礼道歉 extend a formal apology
物权 jus ad rem; right in rem; real right
物权制度 real right system; right in rem system
一物一权原则 the principal of One thing, One Right
物权法定主义 principal of legality of right in rem
物权公示原则 principal of public summons of right in rem
物权法 jus rerem
物 property
生产资料 raw material for production
生活资料 means of livelihood; means of subsistence
流通物 res in commercium; a thing in commerce
限制流通物 limited merchantable thing
禁止流通物 res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce
资产 asset
固定资产 fixed asset
流动资产 current asset; floating asset
动产 movables; chattel
不动产 immovable; real estate
特定物 res certae; a certain thing
种类物 genus; indefinite thing
可分物 res divisibiles; divisible things
不可分物 res indivisibiles; indivisible things
主物 res capitalis; a principal thing
从物 res accessoria; an accessory thing
原物 original thing
孳息 fruits
天然孳息 natural fruits
法定孳息 legal fruits
无主物 bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods
遗失物 lost property
漂流物 drifting object
埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property
货币 currency
证券 securities
债券 bond
物权分类 classification of right in rem/real right
自物权 jus in re propria; right of full ownership
所有权 dominium; ownership; title
所有权凭证 document of title; title of ownership
占有权 dominium utile; equitable ownership
使用权 right of use; right to use of
收益权 right to earnings; right to yields
处分权 right of disposing; jus dispodendi
善意占有 possession in good faith
恶意占有 malicious possession
按份共有 several possession
共同共有 joint possession
他物权 jus in re aliena
用益物权 real right for usufruct
使用权 right to use; right of use
土地使用权 right to the use of land
林权 forest ownership
采矿权 mining ownership
经营权 managerial authority; power of management
承包经营权 right to contracted management
相邻权 neighboring right; relatedright
地上权 superficies
永佃权 jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract
地役权 servitude; easement
人役权 servitus personarum; personal servitude
担保物权 real right for security
物的担保 security for thing
物的瑕疵担保 warranty against defect of a thing
抵押权 hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage
抵押权的设定 creation of right to mortgage
抵押人 mortgagor
抵押权人 mortgagee
抵押标的物 collateral; estate under mortgage
抵押权的效力 deffect of right to mortgage
抵押权的次序 sequence of right to mortgage
抵押权的抛弃 abandonment of right to mortgage
抵押权的让与 alienation of right to mortgage
抵押权的实现 materialization of right to mortgage
抵押权的消灭 extinction of right to
mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage
抵押物登记 registration of estate under mortgage
抵押优先权 priority of mortgage
留置权 lien
一般留置权 general lien
特别留置权 special lien
质权 hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge
佃权 tenant right
债权 jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right
债权人 creditor
债务人 debtor
相对人 counterpart; offeree
给付 give; pay
债务 debt; liability; obligation
债务的偿还 payment of debt
债务的偿清 discharge of debt
债务的担保 guarantee of debt
债务的合并 consolidation of debt
债务的给付日期 debt maturity
债务的免除 exemption of debt
债的分类 obligatio; obligation
法定之债 legal obligation
任意之债 voluntary obligation
简单之债 simple obligation
选择之债 alternative obligation
主债 prime/principal obligation
从债 accessory obligation
单一之债 single obligation
按份之债 several obligation
连带之债 joint obligation
特定之债 certain obligation
种类之债 indefinite obligation
合同之债 contractual obligation
侵权行为之债 tort obligation
损害赔偿之债 obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages
人身损害 damage to person
精神损害 moral/mental/spiritual damage
医药费 hospital treatment expense
医疗费 medical charge
抚恤金 pension
慰问金 consolation money
产品瑕疵 defect of product
不当得利 unjust enrichment
无因管理 voluntary service
债的担保 guarantee of obligation
财产担保 property guarantee
信用担保 credit guarantee
让与担保 alienation guarantee
保证 guaranty
明示保证 express guaranty
默示保证 implied guaranty
保证人 guarantor
保证合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship
保证金 guaranty bond; security deposit
押金 deposit; foregift
预付款 advanced payment
定金 earnest money; deposit
违约金 liquidated damages
法定违约金 liquidated damages by law
约定违约金 liquidated damages by agreement
债的履行 performance of obligation
实际履行原则 doctrine of specific performance
情事变更原则 doctrine of change of circumstances
不当履行 misfeasance
清偿 discharge; satisfaction
提存 debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority
抵销 setoff
知识产权 intellectual property
知识产权国际保护 international protection of intellectual property
国民待遇原则 doctrine of national treatment
优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine
自动保护原则 doctrine of automatic protection
特许权使用费 royalties
智力成果 intellectual property
著作权 copyright
版权 copyright
著作权人 copyright owner
创作 creation
作品 opus; product; work
著作人格权 right of personality of copyright
发表权 right of publication
署名权 right of authorship; right of paternity
修改权 right of modification; right of revision
完整性保持权 right to maintain integrity
不可侵犯权 inviolability
收回权 right of recall; right of retrieval
自费出版 publish a book at the author’s own expense
著作财产权 property right in work
使用收益分享权 right to share usufruct
利用权 right to make use of
获得报酬权 right to get payment
重播权 right of rebroadcasting
录制权 right of fixation
机械复制权 right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction
著作邻接权 neighboring right of copyright
剽窃 plagiary; plagiarism
盗版 pirate
盗版VCD pirated VCD
伪造 forge
工业产权 industrial property
专利权 patent right
优先权日 priority date
申请在先原则 prior application rule
使用在先 priority of use
新颖性 novelty
创造性 creativity
实用性 practicability
发明创造 invention and creation
实用新型 utility model
外观设计 design; industrial design
发明权 right of invention
发现权 right of discovery
专利申请 patent application
专利异议 objection to a patent
专利公告 patent gazette
专利续展费 renewal fee of patent
专利许可协议 patent licensing agreement
技术诀窍 know-how
专有技术 know-how
专利证书 certificate of patent
专利事务所 patent office
专利代理 patent agency
中华人民共和国专利局 Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China
商标权 trademark right
商标国际注册 international registration of trademark
商品商标 commodity trademark
服务商标 service trademark
驰名商标 reputed trademark
广告商标 advertisement trademark
近似商标 similar trademark
商标评审委员会 trade review and appraisal board
商标审查 trademark examination
商标侵权 trademark infringement
商标注册 registered trademark
商标公告 trademark gazette
注册商标使用许可 licensing of registered trademark
注册商标转让 assignment of registered trademark
商标使用许可协议 trademark licensing agreement
商标事务所 trademark office
商标代理 trademark agency
婚姻、家庭、继承、收养 marriage, family, inheritance, adoption
婚姻法 marital law; marriage law
包办婚姻 arranged marriage
财产分割 partition; dismemberment of property
重婚 bigamy
独生子女 only child
法律婚 legal marriage
非婚生子女 illegitimate child
夫妻共同财产 community property
夫妻关系 conjugal relationship
夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board
复婚 resumption of marriage
感情破裂 incompatibility
婚后财产公证 notarization of postnuptial properties
婚姻登记 marriage registration
婚生子女 ligitimate child
计划生育 birth control
结婚 marry
离婚 divorce
买卖婚姻 mercenary marriage
拟制血亲 blood relations in fiction of law
旁系血亲 collateral relation blood relation
涉外婚姻 marriage with foreign elements
配偶 spouse
事实婚 de facto marriage
诉讼离婚 divorce by litigation
探视权 visitation right
同居 cohabitation
晚婚 late marriage
无效婚姻 void marriage
协议离婚 divorce by agreement
一夫一妻制 monogamy
早婚 early marriage
直系血亲 lineal descent
自然血亲 natural blood relation
收养法 adoption law
收养协议 adoption agreement
收养人 adoptive parent
送养人 person or institution placing out a child for adoption
涉外收养 adoption with foreign elements
继承法 inheritance law; law of succession
法定继承 legal seccession
遗嘱继承 intestate succession
遗赠继承 succession by devise
自然继承 natural succession
代位继承 representation; succession by subrogation
世袭继承 hereditary succession
间接继承 indirect succession
转继承 subsuccession
共同继承 joint succession
单独继承 single succession
继承人 heir; successor
第二顺序继承人 successor second in order
第一顺序继承人 successor first in order
继承参与人 succession participant
遗产 inheritance; heritage
遗产继承人 heir to property; inheritor
遗言 last will and testament
遗书 last words
遗赠 bequest; legacy; devise
遗赠抚养协议 legacy-support ageement

四、 商事法律
会计法 accounting law
税法 tax law; taxation law
反不正当竞争法 anti-unfair competition law
消费者权益保*** consumer’s interest protection law
产品责任法 production liability law
消费者权益法 consumer rights and interests law
公司法 company law; corporate law
公司 company; corporation
有限责任公司 limited liability company
股份有限公司 company limited by shares
无限公司 unlimited company
股份两合公司 joint stock limited liability partnership
两合公司 joint liability company
控股公司 holding company
集团公司 group company
合资公司 joint venture company
联营公司 associated company; affiliated company
国营公司 state-own company
国有公司 state-owned company
民营公司 civilian-run company
本国公司 national/domestic company
外国公司 foreign company
上市公司 listed company
母公司 parent company
子公司 subsidiary
皮包公司 briefcase company; fundless company
募集设立 incorporation by stock floatation
发起人 floater; initiator
公司名称 name of company
公司住址 domicile of company
出资 contribution; capital subscription
现金出资 investment in cash
实物出资 investment in kind
工业产权出资 investment in industrial property right
非专有技术出资 investment in non-patent technology
劳务出资 investment in labor
高新技术成果出资 investment in hi-tech achievements
注册资本 registered capital
实缴资本 paid-in capital
验资报告 capital verification report
会计师事务所 certified public accountants
注册会计师 certified public accountant
资本三原则 three doctrine of capital
资本确定原则 doctrine of capital determination
资本维持原则 doctrine of capital maintenance
资本不变原则 doctrine of unchanging capital
最低资本额制度 minimum capital system
公司章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw
公司登记 incorporation; corporate registration
公司存续 existence of company
公司合并分立 merger and split of company
公司并购 corporate merger and acquisition
公司管理 corporate governance; company management
公司法律顾问 corporate counsel
公司整顿 company rectification
公司歇业 closure of business
公司和解 company composition
公司解散 company dissolution
公司清算 company liquidation
公司清理 company winding-up
竞业禁止 non-commpete; competition prohibition
招股章程 prospectus
股本 stock capital
股东 shareholder
股东大会 shareholders’ meeting
股东大会决议 resolution of shareholders’ meeting
股东大会议事规则 rule of procedure of shareholders’ meeting
表决权 voting right; right to vote
董事 director
董事长 president/chairman of the board
首席执行官 chief executive officer(CEO)
首席运营官 chief operation officer(COO)
执行董事 executive director
常务董事 managing director
董事会 board of directors
董事会领导下的经理负责制 responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors
经理独立负责制 manager independent responsibility system
监事 supervisor
监事会 board of supervisors
股 share; stock
普通股 common stock
特别股 special stock
资格股 qualification stock
优先股 preferred stock
劣后股 inferior stock
表决权股 stock with voting power
溢价股 premium stock
折价股 converting stock
国家股 state-owned share
集体股 collective share
法人股 corporate share
企业股 enterprise share
个人股 individual share
股息 dividend
红股 bonus stock; dividend stock
法定公积金 legal accumulation fund
资本公积金 capital accumulation fund
盈余公积金 surplus accumulation fund
任意公积金 optional accumulation fund
公司犯罪 corporate crime
证券法 securities law
证券发行 issuance of securities
证券上市 list securities; float an issue
证券交易所 stock exchange
证券商 securities dealer
证券公司 securities company
证券承销商 consortium of underwriters
证券承销合同 underwriting contract
证券经纪人 securities broker
披露制度 disclosing system
交割日 closing date
风险投资基金 venture capital fund
上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange
深圳证券交易所 Shenzhen Stock Exchange
证券监督委员会 securities supervision committee
票据法 law of negotiable instrument
票据 notes; bills; commercial instruments
商业票据 bill; commercial instrument
远期票据 time bill;; long-dated bill
到期票据 matured bill
即期票据 sight bill
记名票据 bill payable to order; note to order
不记名票据 bearer instrument
本票 promissory note
支票 cheque
汇票 bill of exchange
发票日 ticket day
出票日 date of draft/issue
发票地 place of draft/issue
票据到期日 bill to mature
票据金额 sum of bill
票面价额 face value
票据出票人 drawer
票据持票人 bill holder
票据承兑人 bill acceptor
票据行为 act on commercial paper
承兑票据 honor a bill
票据议付 negotiation
拒付票据 protest a bill
票据付款人 drawee
票据支付人 payer on commercial instrument
票据收款人 bill collector
票据背书人 endorser/indorser of a bill
被背书人 endorsee
票据保证人 bill guarantor
票据被保证人 bill pledgee/warrantee
再追索人 renewed recourser
前手 remote holder
后手 subsequent endorser
票据权利 right of bill
票据期限 term of bill; tenor
票据债务人 debtor of commercial instrument
追索权 right of recourse
票据抗辩 exception to bill
票据丧失 loss of bill
票据时效 prescription of exchanges
票据贴现 discount of bill
再贴现 rediscount of bill
恩惠期间 term of benevolence
票据代理 agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments
海商法 maritime law
船舶国籍证书 certificate of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality
船棋国 flag country
船舶所有权证书 certificate of ship ownership
船舶检验 register of ship
船舶保险 insurance on hull
船舶保险单 hull insurance policy
船舶登记证书 certificate of registry
船舶丈量 tonnage measurement of ships
船舶进港费 groundage
船舶抵押 ship mortgage
船舶租赁 ship chartering
船舶转租 ship subchartering
船舶所有人责任限制 limitation of liabilities of ship owners
船舶碰撞 ship collision
船舶遇难 maritime distress
海上灾难 perils of the sea
海上拖航 marine towage
船舶扣押 detention of ship
船舶债权 ship’s credit
船级社 classification society
船级证书 certificate of class
海上留置权 maritime lien
船舶留置权 maritime lien
船舶抵押权 maritime mortgage
海上优先请求权 priority claim to seagoing ships
救助优先权 priority claim to salvage
共同海损优先权 priority claim to general average
服务优先权 priority claim to service
货物损害优先权 priority claim to cargo damage
传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权 priority claim to ship credit and goods credit
海运合同 shipping contract
提单 bill of lading(B/L)
空舱费 dead freight
租船费 charterage
租船合同 charter-party contract of affreightment
期租船合同 time charter-party; time CP
航次租船合同 voyage charter-party
定期租船合同 time charter-party
光船租船合同 bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP
包租运输合同 shipping charter-party
海上旅客运输合同 contract for carriage of passengers by sea
远洋拖带合同 contract of ocean towage
港内拖带合同 contract of port towage
海难救助合同 salvage contract
海事报告 master’s protest;; sea protest
海事声明书 sea protest
海事争议 maritime dispute
海事法院 maritime court;; admiralty court
海事诉讼程序 maritime proceedings
船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权 civil jurisdiction of sea collision
船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权 criminal jurisdiction of sea collision
海事争议的审理 hearing/trial of maritime disputes
海事诉讼保全措施 measures for maritime attachment
海事优先请求权 preferential right top maritime claim
海事请求保全申请书 application/petition for maritime attachment
海事诉讼法律文书送达 service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings
涉外海事诉讼管辖权 jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements
强制变卖被扣押船舶 compulsory realization of the distrained ship
海事仲裁程序规则 rules of maritime arbitration procedure
保险法 insurance law
自愿保险 voluntary insurance
强制保险 compulsory insurance
商业保险 commercial insurance
财产保险 property insurance
人身保险 personal insurance
人寿保险 life insurance
健康保险 health insurance
意外保险 accident insurance
社会保险 social insurance
养老保险 endowment insurance
医疗保险 medical insurance
失业保险 unemployment insurance
信用保险 credit insurance
保证保险 guaranty insurance
保险合同 insurance contract
保险人 insurer; underwriter
被保险人 the insured
受益人 benificiary
投保人 applicant for insurance;; policy holder
保险单 insurance policy
保险标的 insurance object
保险费 premium
保险期限 time limit of insurance
保险利益 insurable interest
保险金额 insurance; insurance compensation
保险事故 insurance accident
保险赔偿 insurance indemnity
保险代理人 insurance agent
保险经纪人 insurance broker
索赔 claim
代位索赔 claim by subrogation
理赔 settlement of claim
代位求偿权 right of subrogation
委付 abandonment
退保 cancellation/discharging of insurance

五、刑法总论
刑法学 criminal law; penal law
犯罪学 criminology
犯罪心理学 criminal psychology
劳动改造法学 reform-through-labor
中国刑法史 history of Chinese criminal law
比较刑法学 comparative criminal law
刑事侦查 criminal detection
司法精神病学 forensic psychiatry
罪刑法定原则 principal of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime
罪刑相适应原则 principal of suiting punishment to crime
罪责自负原则 principal of bearing responsibility solely for one’s own crime
惩罚与教育相结合原则 principal of combining punishment with education
从旧原则 the doctrine of observing old laws
从新原则 the doctrine of observing new laws
从旧兼从轻原则 the doctrine of observing old laws and new ones when with lighter punishment
从新兼从轻原则 the doctrine of observing new laws and old ones when with lighter punishment
追诉时效 limitation of prosecution
刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility
刑事责任年龄 age for criminal responsibility
刑事责任能力 criminal responsibility; capacity for criminal responsibility
犯罪 crime; commit a crime
故意犯罪 intentional crime; willful crime
过失犯罪 negligent crime
犯罪构成 constitution of a crime
犯罪主体 subject of a crime
犯罪客体 object of a crime
犯罪的主观方面 subjective elements of a crime
犯罪的客观方面 objective elements of a crime
犯罪对象 target of a crime
犯罪故意 criminal intent; mens rea
直接故意 actual intent; direct intent
间接故意 indirect intent
犯罪过失 criminal negligence
疏忽大意的过失 careless negligence
过于自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption
不能预见 unforeseeable; unpredictable
不能避免 unavoidable
犯罪动机 criminal motive
犯罪目的 criminal intent; criminal purpose
防卫过当 unjustifiable self-defense
紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity
犯罪既遂 completion of a crime
犯罪未遂 attempted crime
犯罪形态 criminal pattern
犯罪预备 a crime in preparation; preparation for a crime
犯意表示 expression for a crime
犯罪中止 abandonment/discontinuance of a crime
犯罪中断 suspension of a crime
行为犯 behavioral offence
危险犯 potential damage offence
结果犯 consequential offence
结果加重犯 aggregated consequential offence
类推 analogy
定罪 conviction; crimination
定罪情节 circumstances for adjudgment
定罪量刑 punishment fits the crime
量刑情节 principle of discretionary action of sentencing; principal of sentencing
危害行为 dangerous act
因果关系 causative relation
共同犯罪 complicity; joint offence
教唆犯 abettor
主犯 principal
从犯 accessory
胁从犯 accomplice under duress; unwilling follower
帮助犯 aider; accessory
累犯 recidivist; repeat offence
一般累犯 common recidivist
反革命累犯 counter-revolutionary recidivist
法人犯罪 corporate crime
结伙犯罪 gang crime
流氓集团 gang of hoodlums
流氓罪 crime of indecent assault
集团犯罪 organized crime
经济犯罪 economic crime
职务犯罪 duty crime; crime by taking advantage of duty
聚众犯罪 assembled a crowd to commit a crime
一罪 one crime
一罪不二罚 nemo bis punitur pro eodem delicto; no one is punished twice for the same crime
继续犯 continuous crime
持续犯 continuous crime
想象竟合犯 imaginative joinder of offences
惯犯 habitual offence
结合犯 combinative crime; integrated offence
连续犯 continuing offence
牵连犯 implicated offence
吸收犯 Inclusive offence; absorbable offence
数罪 plural crimes
数罪并罚 joinder of punishment for plural crimes
法定最高刑 maximum statutory penalty
法定最低刑 minimum statutory penalty
总和刑期 total term of sentences
并科原则 doctrine of cumulation of punishments
相加原则 doctrine of accumulation
合并原则 doctrine of joinder
累加原则 cumulative principle
吸收原则 absorption principle
限制加重原则 principle of limitative aggravation
折衷原则 doctrine of compromise
两罚制 dual/double punishment
单罚制 single punishment
漏罪 omitted crime
先并后减 reduction after combined sentence
新罪 newly committed crime
先减后并 combination of sentence after reduction
刑罚个别化原则 principle of individualization of punishment
刑罚经济原则 principle of economization of punishment
刑罚人道主义原则 principle of humanitarianism of punishment
刑罚效益原则 principle of utility of punishment
刑罚的种类 classification of criminal pennalties
生命刑 punishment depriving life
财产刑 punishment against property
权利刑 punishment of depriving rights
主刑 principal penalties
管制 public surveillance
拘役 penal servitude
有期徒刑 fixed-term imprisonment
无期徒刑 life imprisonment
死刑 death penalty
死缓 death sentence with a two-year reprieve
附加刑 accessory penalties
剥夺政治权利 deprivation of political right
没收财产 forfeiture of property
罚金 criminal fine
剥夺勋章、奖章和荣誉称号 stripping of medals, decoration or honorary titles
驱逐出境 renvoi
量刑 sentencing
犯罪事实 criminal fact
犯罪性质 criminal character
犯罪情节 criminal circumstances of crime
情节严重 grave/serious circumstances
情节特别严重 circumstances are particularly serious
情节恶劣 circumstances are wicked
后果特别严重 with particularly serious consequence
量刑情节 circumstance for sentencing
法定情节 statutory circumstances
从轻处罚 lighter punishment
减轻处罚 mitigation of penalty below minimum statutory prescript
从重处罚 heavier punishment
加重处罚 aggravation of penalty below minimum statutory prescript
免予处罚 exemption from punishment
酌定情节 discretionary circumstances
自首 surrender oneself to justice
坦白 confession of one’s offence
自动投案 voluntary surrender to justice
立功 metitorious serviceoffset立功赎罪
假释 one’s guilt by merit
假释考验期 probation period for parole
减刑 commutation; mitigation of punishment
减刑建议书 advisory letter of commutation
赦免 pardon
大赦 amnesty; general pardon
特赦 special pardon
追诉时效 limitation of prosecution
追诉期限 deadline of prosecution
预防犯罪 prevention of crime
缓刑 probation; reprieve
缓刑宣告制 system of suspended pronouncement of sentence
缓刑起诉制 system of suspended prosecution
缓刑考验期 probation period
行刑 execution; executing punishment
监外执行 execution of sentence outside prison yet under surveillance

六、劳动与社会保障法律
劳动法 labor law
劳动保护 labor protection
劳动合同制 labor contract system
集体劳动合同 collective labor contract
劳动合同期限 term of a labor contract
不定期劳动合同 employment contract with unspecified term
有固定期限劳动合同 time labor contract
劳资双方 labor and management
用人单位 employer
劳动者 employee
劳动年龄 job age; labor age
试用期 probation period
标准工时制度 standard labor time system
劳动时间 working hours
劳动期间 working period
带薪年休假 paid annual leave
法定休假日 legal holiday; official holiday
公休日 public holiday
劳动收入 labor income
工资等级制度 wage grading system
固定工资 wage of fixed amount
浮动工资 floating wage
保底工资 minimum wage
提成工资 deduction wage
劳动人事管理 labor and personnel management
劳动纪律 labor discipline
竞业禁止规定 non-compete rules
保密规定 confidentiality
解雇 dismiss; fire
辞职 resign; resignation
终止劳动关系 terminate labor relation
工伤 industrial injury
福利 welfare
劳动保险 labor insurance
劳动赔偿 labor indemnity
社会保障 social security
就业登记 employment registration
公费医疗 free medical care
下岗 lay off
下岗职工 laid-off worker
劳动管理部门 administrative department for labor
劳动合同鉴定 certification of labor contract
劳动安全卫生检查制度
system of inspection for labor safety and hygiene
劳动能力丧失程度鉴定 verification of degree of physical disability
劳动鉴定委员会 labor appraisal committee
劳动监察制度 labor supervision system
劳动介绍所 employment agency
人才交流中心 talent exchange
劳动力市场 labor market
人事档案 personnel archive
劳动与社会保障部 Ministry of Labor and Social Security
社会保险 social security
养老保险 endowment insurance
医疗保险 medical insurance
失业保险 unemployment insurance
生育保险 birth insurance
劳动争议仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal of labor disputes
劳动仲裁法 labor arbitration law
劳动合同履行地 place where a labor contract is performed
劳动合同争议 dispute of labor contract
申诉人 complainant; petitioner
被申诉人 respondent
仲裁申请书 arbitration petition
先裁后诉 award (a labor dispute) shall be obtained before litigation

七、行政法律
具体行政行为 specific administrative act
抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act
行政案件 administrative case
行政补偿 administrative recuperation
行政不作为 administrative omission
行政部门 administrative department; executive branch
行政裁定 administrative ruling
行政裁定书 administrative ruling in writing
行政裁决 administrative adjudication
行政裁量 administrative discretion
行政裁判 administrative adjudication
行政程序法 administrative procedure law
行政裁判所 administrative tribunal
行政程序 administrative procedure
行政程序法 administrative procedure law
行政程序立法 administrative procedure ligislation
行政程序违法 violation of law of administrative procedure
行政处罚 administrative penalty; administrative punishment
行政处罚的简易程序 summary procedures for administrative penalties
行政处罚的听证程序 procedure on hearing of administrative penalties
行政处罚决定书 written decision of administrative penalty
行政处分 administrative sanction
行政处理 administrative handling
行政措施 administrative measure; executive action
行政复议 administrative reconsideration
行政申诉 administrative appeal
行政审查 administrative examination
行政审判 administrative adjudication; administrative trial
行政申诉状 written administrative appeal
限制人身自由权的行政处罚 administrative penalties restricting the personal liberty
限制行为权的行政处罚 administrative penalties restricting the right of personal freedom
行政干涉 administrative interference
行政干预 administrative intervention
行政告知 administrative notice
行政割让 cession of administration
行政公函 official letter
行政公开原则 principle of administrative openness
行政即决行为 summary administrative act
行政监察 administrative supervision; supervision over administration
行政监督 administrative supervision; supervision by administration; supervision by the executive
行政检查 administrative inspection
行政鉴定 administrative appraisal
行政救济穷尽原则 doctrine of exhaustiveness(of administrative remedies)
行政拘留 administrative attachment; administrative detention
行政决定 administrative decision; executive decision
行政控制 administrative control; executive control
行政决议 administrative resolution
行政命令 administrative order; executive command; executive order
行政判决 administrative judgement
行政侵权 administration tort
行政请愿 administrative petition
行政协理 administrative assistant
具体行政行为 specific administrative act
行政安排 administrative arrangement
行政控诉 administrative appeal
违法行政行为 administrative act in violation of law
警告 admonition
司法建议 judicial advice

八、其他
法理（学） jurisprudence
法律渊源 sources of law
法系 family of law; genealogy of law
普通法系 common law
大陆法系 continental genealogy of law; civil law
保护性规范 protective norm
禁止性规范 prohibitive norm
命令性规范 mandatory norm
强制性规范 compulsory norm
任意性规范 random norm
义务性规范 obligatory norm
选择性规范 optional norm
立法 legislation
人治 rule of men
法治 rule of law
法制 justice; ligality
司法监督 judicial supervision
程序法 procedural law
实体法 substantive law